April 2010
April 2017
Figure 3. Destruction of buildings as a result of floodingу Nova Mayachka
village, Oleshky district, Kherson region
Also devices of anti-filtration curtains and screens of foundations of buildings and
structures are known [6, 7]. The disadvantage of these design solutions is that they
protect the foundation from the inflow of groundwater from the outside, do not provide
foundation protection from below, do not take into account the capillary rim, do not
reduce the aggressive influence of groundwater on the foundation and the deeper parts
of structures, and reduce their effectiveness.
Therefore, to protect the buried parts of buildings and structures from the harmful
effects of water, options are offered for anti-filtration systems that will increase the
duration of trouble-free operation of buildings and structures in the flooded area for 3-
5 years and significantly reduce operating costs.
Theoretical justification of technical solutions. The use of anti-filtration
systems is based on the following scientific facts.
Since water is in a gravitational field, part of its free energy depends on the
location of a given volume. The free energy of any volume of soil moisture, due to the
position of the latter in the gravitational field, is measured by the water level in
the state
of comparison [3].
So, if the expansion of the surface of the liquid is adiabatic, the fluid loses the
amount of heat [- T (δσ / δТ)] and its temperature falls back. When a new surface is
formed isothermally, this amount of heat is supplied from the environment to the
surface layer to compensate for cooling [8].
All liquids tend to move so that their potential decreases. For example, water
spontaneously flows from the z1 level to a lower level of z2. The water potential per
unit mass decreases by g (z1 - z2), and this change of the potential corresponds to the
sum of the energies (mechanical, thermal, etc.) that water can give in its fall [9].
S. Taylor, J. Carry [10] note that in all experiments the influence of the
temperature gradient caused an immediate rise in water in the water-measuring tube at
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