to rates of financial growth and it took the first place among Ukrainian provinces and
the 4th among other cities in the empire being inferior only to St. Petersburg, Moscow
Riga and Warsaw [27].
In regard to land property in the end of XVIII c. a new phenomenon for the entire
empire was broadened in the southern Ukrainian towns – big city ownership of land.
Other cities of the State had land resources. In this regard the south of Ukraine differed
substantially; it had regional-individual specifics, because there was big ownership of
land (from 2 to 47 thousand dessiatins). The most part of land ownership was in
Kherson (47 thousand dessiatins). In other regions of the empire city ownership of land
amounted circa 2-4 thousand dessiatins.
In Russian-Belarus towns there was not a great amount of land and in many cases
even less than on the average. For example, in Nizhegorod province municipal land
resources did not surpass 2 thousand dessiatins [15]. The most amount of land was in
the provincial capital – 1785 dessiatins, but only 874 dessiatins were ploughed. In other
places only the half of land fund was used. In Voronezhska province the most of land
property was in the provincial center – 4.5 thousand dessiatins, other towns had 2-3
thousand dessiatins on the average, but they ploughed only the half of it [10]. In other
regions of the European part the situation was nearly similar.
In the Russian empire in XIX c. the cities, which spent large amounts of money
from municipal budgets on development of the education sphere, were the following:
Moscow, St. Petersburg, Kiev, Saratov, Kharkiv and others. Only a few southern
Ukrainian cities were listed in the above category: Odessa (1 182 000 rubles), Kherson
(50 000 rubles), Mykolaiy (44 000 rubles), Berdiansk (24 000 rubles), Kerch (48 000
rubles), Elisavetgrad (32 000 rubles). Expenditures of other cities in the southern
Ukraine were less in the amount.
Thus, in regard to municipal investments in developing educational institutions
the ministry of people’s education defined 43 best cities, among which only 6 southern
Ukrainian cities were entered in the list. The total amount of expenditures of the above
cities was 1/12 of expenditures of municipal budgets. Due to quality of education’s
criterion the southern Ukrainian provinces took the first places in the empire.
According to statistical committees’ data the quality of education was distinctive in
Moscow province – 25 %, in St. Petersburg province – 20 %, in Tavria, Kherson,
Katherinoslav provinces – 16 %, in Saratov province – 13%, in Kursk province –
7,6 %, in Voronezh province – 6,7 % , in Tambov province – 4,6 %, in Poltava
province – 5,6 %, in Chernigiv province – 2,6 %, analogous process took place in
Kharkiv province [5].
In general, the situation in the medico-sanitary sphere in the southern Ukrainian
towns was far from ideal, but better than in other regions of the empire. Among the
problems was a constant lack of money; the medico-sanitary situation was far from
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