The fundamental difference of this ‘reproducible’ interpretation of economic
security lies in the fact that in this case there is a transition from the notion of security
as a provision (that is, a process controlled from the outside) to the notion of security
as a capacity (i.e. the presence of inherent mechanisms of production, distribution,
exchange, and consumption). A similar shift is observed from the confrontation with
threats that have an external nature in relation to the subject of security, i.e. the country,
to ensuring the sustainability of development and this, in turn, changes the object of
the economy security. Today, this is not only the ability of the state to implement its
own decisions, but also the ability of economic agents at different levels to act in
coordination in order to strengthen the national economic security.
A number of scholars [6, 8, 10] adhere to the level approach in the study of
economic security where the focus is on the singling out of its vertical levels. Within
this approach, economic security can be represented at:
• mega level: global, international economic security;
• macro level: economic security of the national economy;
• meso level: economic security of the region and industry;
• micro level: economic security of firms and households.
It should be emphasized that the main difference between these hierarchical levels
is that the higher is the hierarchical level of economic security, the higher is the degree
of realization of interests of the relevant economic entities (households, firms, regions,
countries, the world). Having analyzed all mentioned earlier, we reach a conclusion
that economic security is a systemic phenomenon that forms a specific environment
where the elements are interconnected and interdependent (Fig. 1).
Thus, economic security is a complex poly-systemic phenomenon; its genesis and
development are conditioned by the need to ensure the reproducibility of the national
economy in the conditions of internal and external threats and dangers.
A system-forming factor of economic security is the realization of national
interests in order to maintain a state of the state's economy where it would be balanced,
resistant to negative factors, and able to ensure the effective functioning of the
economy and economic growth. Therefore, the main aims of economic security involve
the effective functioning of the economic system, the implementation of the entire
complex of national economic interests, and the development of the comprehensive
economic relations [20: 55].
Organisational provision of economic security under globalization. As we
see, national economic security is an integrated system involving various areas, such
as demographic, environmental, energy, information, etc. However, when economic
security is referred to as the ‘conditions’ in a country, one cannot see the whole picture
or a full set of relevant criteria and indicators that would reflect the level of protection
of vital interests of the socio-economic system. Moreover, along with the efforts aimed
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