the monument to Magdeburg Law, tourists are advised to go down to the underground
passageway. It also deserves attention. On the one side, above the entrance, a cross is
depicted with inscription: "Here in 988 A.D. in the confluence of the waves of the
Dnieper-river and Pochayna-river Kyiv Rus’ was Baptized " (some letters, however,
already fell apart). On the other side of the passageway, from the side of the Dnieper,
in the shallow niches in the wall there are two bas-reliefs - figures of John the Baptist
and Kyiv Crown Prince Volodymyr the Great both surrounded by angels. All this
appeared in 2013. Interior of the passageway was the masterpiece in itself: on its walls
students of Kyiv Art School depicted fragments of the map of Kiev in the X-XIII
centuries with Lyadsky Gate and Sofiyivsky Cathedral. But, unfortunately, wildness
has won spirituality: now maps in the passageway are no longer there, and every
millimeter of walls and even partially of the ceiling is filled with inscriptions made by
"unknown artists", with most of inscriptions are frankly obscene. By the way, in 2014,
another monument should appear at the site, as indicated on a sign near the bas-reliefs.
There was even a competition announced and the best option was chosen - a wooden
font on the water like a cross measuring 22.6 by 31.4 m. But the object never appeared.
As for Lviv, there are fewer such cases (perhapse, due to the quality of historical
Austrian construction), but nevertheless they are also. There are many other problems
in the city of Lviv, the main one now is the removal of rubbish. After the fire at
Gribovychy landfill in the summer of 2016, Lviv did not know where to move out its
waste, the volume of which naturally grew with the growth of tourists number. No
wonder, that the tourist record of Lviv (2.6 million tourists in 2017 - the first place
among the Ukraine cities) coincided with the "rubbish crisis" in this city. So using of
the second concept i.e. reverse logistics aims to provide a comprehensive recycling of
the total amount of urban waste, in particular, solid household (SHW). Generally
speaking it’s necessary to separate the actual municipal waste and one that is the result
of the tourists stay. The proof that tourist waste occupies a significant share in the
citywide waste volume is its peak increases, particularly in cities central districts, after
any holidays (at one third a minimum). For example, from the center of Kiev after the
final match of the Champions League on May 26, 2018 more than 212 tons of garbage
were taken in just one day!
It should be noted that there is a certain specifics of the problem of garbage
collection in the city, its removal and processing. Thus, garbage collection has its
peculiarities depending on the distance of the district from the center; the waste
removal from the city can be carried out either to landfills, or to incineration and waste
recycling plants; finally, the waste treatment at the waste processing enterprises means
the location of the latters within or outside the city, as well as their belonging to
specialized establishments or other industries such as pulp and paper (PPM) and card
and paper mills (CPM), glass factories, etc. Knowledge of the pulp and paper and
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