Crimea, 11 river ports, 22 thousand kilometers railways (of which 9,8 thousand
kilometers electrified) and 170 thousand kilometers highways.
The advantage of low cost of production can be attributed to the cheap cost of
labor and resources. The level of wages in Ukrainian industry is much lower than in
European countries. In Ukraine, the average wage in industry is 220 Euros, compared
to Germany and Spain, the figures are 2683 and 1767 Euros, with Portugal - 1100
Euros, with Slovakia - 833 Euros, with the Czech Republic - 825 Euros. The level of
prices for natural gas and electricity in comparison with the European Union is also
lower [15].
Among the shortcomings are the outdated production capacity and the lack of
experience in doing business in the normal economy; slow introduction of innovative
business processes; lack of high-quality social infrastructure; mismatch of quantity and
level of training for the needs of high-tech production.
Strategy and competition. Another prerequisite for the car cluster creation in
Ukraine is a relatively low level of taxation. In Ukraine, it is much lower than in
European countries. For example, an income tax is 18%, a corporate tax rates 18% and
a value added tax 20%. Comparing to Spain, an income tax is 19-45%, a corporate tax
rates of 25% and a value added tax of 21%, with Portugal an income tax of 14.5-48%,
a corporate tax rates of 30% and a value added tax 23 %, with Slovakia -an income tax
of 19-25%, a corporate tax rates of 21% and a value added tax of 20%, with the Czech
Republic – an income tax of 15%, a corporate tax rates of 19% and a value added tax
of 21% [15].
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