and compared. In this case two aspects are especially meaningful:
1.
What relation is between two or several data sets which take the same place.
E.g., one can see the direct relationship between the heights of different areas and the
amount of precipitation that falls on them.
2.
All geographical phenomena differ by their intensity in space. E.g., let us
consider fertility ratio on the territory of a country. In one districts the fertility ration is
high, in others low. To answer this question in full, one can describe and explain these
structures.
Isolation of spatial structure is a complex question demanding usage the arsenal
of powerful tools of spatial analysis. Isolation of the object’s structure is the most
important component of studying the object as a system. The main steps of isolation
of the structure are the following: allocation of many elements of the system; definition
of spatial location of the elements of space; allocation of the relationship between
elements which are invariant under certain system changes.
Studying spatial patterns aims at finding certain regularities in location of objects
and the reasons of such locations. When executing analysis, it is required to determine:
territorial coverage; form of location; types of spatial relationship with other objects;
spatial relations are determined; quantitative and qualitative values of the ties;
statistical characteristics of structures; reasons of objects’ locations.
It should be noted also that the content of analysis is determined by the subject
field and methods of analysis. Analysis of spatial patterns plays an important role in
solving tasks in many spheres. The range of applications is quite wide: urban
development, land resources, transport systems, trade, agriculture, demographics,
environment, minerals, health protection, animal and plant world. In some cases,
geographical variables are reflected as points patterns, line patterns and district
patterns. In other cases, patterns constitute continuous distribution of variables across
the research area.
CONCLUSION
Modern cartography is multi-faceted, it actively penetrates in all sciences about
the Earth – it is a science which reveals the essence of our world with the help of maps,
describes physical and cultural model of the planet of Earth and its processes. It helps
to get knowledge about what is happening, gives forecasts and systematic information
for planning and making decisions, it impacts our mentality.
Cartographic method of research helps to better understand different spatial
phenomena and their interrelations, as well as relation between changes in land use,
surface hydrology, floods etc. We highlighted the essence of cartographic image,
information, transformation and interpretation and tried to cope with related issues,
which, first of all, refer to cartographic modelling, map usage and use of GIS-analysis
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