One of the risks associated with online work is that workers have little face-to-
face contacts with their clients, and often do not have any information about them.
Moreover, work is performed most often than not without a formal contract, and there
is little legal enforcement of contractual obligations. As a result, one worker in three
faced with cases of nonpayment for their work through online platforms.
Non-standard forms of employment contracts are being widely used also in
Ukraine.
Today, more and more Ukrainian employers are using outsourcing and outstaffing
as a means of optimisation staff costs.
The term "outstaffing" is not legally defined. Only subitem 14.1.183 p. 14.1 of
Art. 14 of the Tax Code defines similar in understanding the concept of «service of
providing personnel».
Ukraine is the largest Eastern European country supplying IT outsourcing services
all over the world. Over 5 years, its outsourcing sector has been constantly evolving
striving to be among top outsourcing destinations [13].
Ukrainian outsourcing companies are becoming more experienced in the business
continuity. Some bigger companies have opened new locations in CEE or Western
Europe, and relocated there some teams. Furthermore, Ukraine keeps its 4th place in
the world by the number of IT professionals.
IT Ukraine Association and Ukrainian Hi-Tech Initiative are the two biggest and
the oldest associations of IT outsourcing companies in Ukraine [14].
In general, the most popular sphere of platform work in Ukraine in 2018 was
working with texts, copywriting and rewriting. Most of this work consists of tasks of
relatively short duration. The second most popular field is IT. Other popular fields of
activity are filling in opinion polls and questionnaires; sales, photo and video;
microtasking including collecting and processing information; design, translation and
consulting; illustration, animation, advertising, accounting services, architecture;
offline tasks, which include providing household services, cleaning, construction,
renovation services, courier services, making and repairing clothing and furniture, car
maintenance, etc [15].
Private employment agencies are becoming stronger actors in the labour market
of many countries.
At times of economic fluctuations companies often face the problem of
performing the current number of tasks while balancing employment costs. The
decision in this case is to find appropriate temporary personnel. For instance, Total
HR is one of the biggest personnel leasing companies in Ukraine, which on average
provide about 10 thousand temporary workers per year [16]. Total HR offers assistance
in the following spheres: personnel leasing (staff leasing, outsourcing); conducting
projects for large production companies as well as companies employing big number
- 303 -