A number of psychologists - advocates of the activity approach (P. Galperin, S.
Rubinstein, M. Dobrynin) understood the attention as an internal activity that contains
all the components of the external (action, operation). In particular, P. Galperin
believed that attention is the activity of control. While S. Rubinstein, who considered
activities in unity with consciousness, defined as the side of all cognitive processes of
consciousness, in which they act as activities aimed at the object. That is, this
phenomenon is interpreted in his writings as a general phenomenon that accompanies
any activity, but is not itself an activity. The similar scientific position is M. Dobrynin,
defining attention as the focus and concentration of mental activity.
The scientifically original approach recognized by D. Uznadze to the study of the
problem under study. Within the framework of the scientist's concept of the installation,
which highlights the laws of the development and functioning of the psyche in the
process of purposeful activity of the subject, attention is the process of objectification.
It is characterized by the fact that from the circle of primary perceives one is allocated
that I get the status of the most comprehensible or most actual content of the subject's
consciousness [3].
Within the framework of our study, the position of psychologist V. Strakhov is
significant. He, synthesizing existing approaches, treats attention as a mental state,
which is realized through the connection and focusing of the necessary mental
functions in the object in each case - that is, concentration. In the opinion of the
scientist, attention is concentrated, and focus is attention. And the breeding of these
concepts is a whispering of the essence of attention.
Modern scholars define attention as a psycho-physiological process or a state that
characterizes the dynamic features of cognitive activity, which are expressed in its
focus on a rather narrow section of the external or internal at the moment the realized
reality. T. Komarova, relying on the definition of attention in contemporary
psychological science, identifies two main features of attention that are related, but not
identical, namely, the orientation and concentration of consciousness (mental activity)
on the object. Under the direction of consciousness the researcher understands the
manifestation of such a property of attention as selectivity (or selectivity of reflection),
which differentiates the consciousness of the zone of clear consciousness (includes
objects that due to their orientation are reflected brightly, precisely, clearly) and a zone
of obscure consciousness (vague, vague reflection objects) Concentration also acts as
a deeper human activity, which leads to a distraction from all the outside, as the
moment of concentration of consciousness on a significant object.
It should be noted that even in this section a brief review of the approaches to
determining the attention point to the ambiguity of the phenomenon under study, which
is considered both as a process, both as a property and as a state. Let's dwell briefly on
each of the selected values.
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