The appeal of scholars to the mind as a mental state is that attention, unlike
cognitive processes (perception, memory, thinking), does not have its own special
content and product. However, it is inseparable from them and manifested in the later,
characterizing the dynamics of their occurrence.
T. Komarova, depending on the relation of internal concentration and external
expression, distinguishes four states of attention: actual attentiveness, actual
inattention, mental attentiveness (simulation of attention) and mental inattention, each
of which has objective and subjective manifestations. Objective manifestations of
attention are manifested at various levels of human activity: psychophysiological
(biocurrents of the brain, the state of the cardiovascular system, respiratory features,
micro-movement of the eyes), muscle, motor (macrobrains of the body, limbs,
constituent movements of the eye in the object of attention ) and behavioral (ignored /
neglected, including facial expressions, gestures, turns and tilting of the head). Among
subjective manifestations, the researcher calls the characteristics of the cognitive
content of consciousness (clarity -uncleaning, clarity - vagueness, vivacity - real
estate); the contents of the affective sphere (interest is its absence, surprise -
indifference), the content of the volitional sphere (the intensity of effort - the lack of
tension, activity - passivity) [1, 6-12]. Objectives and subjective manifestations in the
dynamism totality in a particular case form various structures of states, types and
properties of attention, such as: state of vigilance, concentration or inattention; species
- arbitrary and involuntary, followed by a satisfactory attention; properties - ability to
distribute, switch, hold attention, etc.
Turning to the phenomenology of attention, it is worth emphasizing that
psychologists call it "monarch of consciousness", since it focuses on the flow of human
thoughts, experiences and actions relevant at the given time. This is due to the fact that
the manifestations of attention occur through the focal (focal) part the current
experience of a person in which the objects are understood clearly (noticeable details),
clearly, brightly (sharply distinguished among other contents of consciousness),
vividly (images of perception and memory converge, creating the effect of
eidheticism). Objects of the same periphery remain obscure and indistinct. In turn, the
images of the focal part of consciousness are characterized by efficiency, they ensure
the unity and interconnection of all relevant perceived processes. They also provide an
emotional color to the objects of attention, thus regulating the behavior and human
activities, in particular, increase productivity and quality of activity, acquisition of
knowledge, provide vigilance in the course of execution, etc. [1, 7].
The above allows to assert that the focus of attention corresponds to
consciousness, successfully works with one object at the moment. However, pre
consciousness (the zone of immediate attention) can control at the same time 7 + (-) 2
objectsby their rapid transfer to the zone of consciousness and back. Everything else is
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