a lot of objects subordinated to the subconscious (a zone of distant attention).
Schematically this is depicted in Figure 2.1.
Figure 2.1. Scheme of areas of attention in consciousness
The physiological basis of attention (according to I. Pavlova's doctrine of
orientational reflex and the data of neurophysiological research) is the emergence of
excitatory cells in the cerebral cerebral cortex under the influence of stimuli of varying
intensity, which induce inhibitory processes in other parts of the cortex, as a result of
which the person notices nothing other than the object of attention. O. Ukhtomskii such
centers of excitation called dominant, while inhibited, relatively weaker excitement -
subdominant.
Paragraph II. Turning to the consideration of the main types of attention, it
should be noted that the phenomenology of attention is extremely high. Common in
psychology is the classification, where the attention is divided:
• for regulation - involuntary (or passive), arbitrary (or active) and post-secondary
(or secondary involuntary M. Dobrynin);
• by activity - sensory (perception); intellectual (thinking and memory); motor
(movement);
• Direction - external and internal.
By giving a brief characterization to each of the above-mentioned types of
attention, it should be emphasized that they are not only closely interconnected, but
also capable of passing one to another under the influence of external factors and
internal attitudes, needs and goals of the individual. In particular, involuntary attention,
which is the easiest genetically primitive degree of attention in its historical and
individual development, arises regardless of the conscious intentions of the individual
(without the goal of setting truce), but through factors associated with the features of
zone of
distant
attention
one of the
nearest attention
focus zone
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