transformation. It manifests itself in the observation of objects, phenomena of the
realities of reality and their reflection of consciousness. Main manifestations of
external attention – these are original movements of the eyes, heads, facial expressions
(facial expressions and pantomimetic movements), indicating that they are ready to
accomplish the necessary action. External attention contributes to the sensitization
(sensitization) of all organs of sensation, as well as of temperament, static and
kinesthetic states of the organism and its organs, which in turn leads to a clearer
selective perception, the isolation of elements of objects and phenomena. In external
attention, the state of concentration is concentrated on Expected objects and
phenomena (signals to action or movements), which are called pre-sensory and
premotorous attention.
Regarding the inner attention (which corresponds to intellectual attention), it is
worth noting that it is focused on the analysis of the objects of the subjective world of
man - on the analysis of the activities of mental processes, mental organs and
experiences. It is clearly manifested in the time of understanding, recollection and
reasoning mentally and acts as a necessary a condition of self-knowledge and self-
education.
The ability to pay attention to the optimal conditions for the implementation of
other mental processes is due to certain its functions, including the following:
• selective providing the activation of necessary and inhibition of the currently
unnecessary psychological and physiological processes, thus contributing to the
purposeful selection of significant, relevant (corresponding needs) influences and
ignoring other, minor, side effects, competing influences;
• prognostic, which includes attention to the process of developing a program of
future human activities that is adequate to actual and perspective situations;
• the retainer, consisting in the prolonged preservationphysical activity on the
object or type of activity before the completion of the act of behavior, cognitive
activity, to achieve the goal;
• controlling, which appears in the direction both for the assessment of the overall
performance, and the evaluation of the interim results of its implementation and their
relevance to the objectives of the activity.
According to T. Komarova, these functions represent various options for the
implementation of the general regulatory function of attention, inherent in it as a
psychic phenomenon. The researcher brings a well-known saying that a separate
violinist guides himself, however, as the orchestra needs a conductor, pointing out that
the role of such a "conductor" is fully entitled to mind [1, 13].
Thus, the analysis of psychological literature allows us to conclude that in the
framework of different approaches, psychologists focused on those or other
manifestations of attention: on vegetative reactions, selection of information, control
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